Thomas Bayes
Thomas Bayes lived from 1702 to 1761. Born in London, he was a British mathematician and Presbyterian minister, and was the first to use inductive probability. He is best known for introducing a fundamental proposition in probability, which was published after his death, and is now referred to as Bayes' Theorem or Bayes' Rule. In 1763, this was entitled "Essay Towards Solving a Problem in the Doctrine of Chances" by his friend and published in the Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Thomas Bayes has been very influential in the history of probability.